Coronavirus Files: WH plans for annual vaccines; long COVID risk linked to mental health

White House COVID-19 Response Coordinator Ashish Jha speaks during the daily briefin

White House COVID-19 Response Coordinator Ashish Jha speaks during the daily briefing in the Brady Briefing Room of the White House in Washington, DC, on July 22, 2022

(Photo by MANDEL NGAN/AFP via Getty Images)

September 12, 2022

COVID shots to become once-a-year affair

The U.S. is ready to transition to annual COVID shots, officials said at an upbeat White House press conference last week.

Of course, that plan could change if some new variant emerges.

Officials extolled the U.S. vaccine effort that has, for the first time, caught up to the most dominant omicron BA.4 and BA.5 variants.

BA.5 has been holding steady as the main player in the U.S. for more than two months, with BA.4 now responsible for most of the rest of infections. But it remains to be seen how protective the updated vaccines are against these variants.

So long as the virus continues to evolve from BA.5, vaccines should provide excellent protection, said White House Coronavirus Response Coordinator Dr. Ashish Jha.

“For the moment, experts are optimistic that another Greek letter isn’t yet on the horizons,” writes Cecelia Smith-Schoenwalder at U.S. News & World Report.

Experts are also “guardedly optimistic” that the upcoming fall and winter season will be less severe than in the past two years, write Joel Achenbach and Lena H. Sun at The Washington Post.

Projections do indicate a late-fall surge is possible, though.

At the press conference, CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky cited work suggesting that if Americans get the new COVID boosters at about the same rate they usually get annual flu shots — about half the population — then the nation could avoid up to 9,000 deaths and 100,000 hospitalizations in the coming months.

Achieving that level of uptake could pose a challenge, though. Thus far, just over one-third of people eligible for their first COVID booster have received one.

Some experts said it’s too soon to move to annual vaccination, particularly before next-generation vaccines such as nasal sprays or pan-coronavirus vaccines are available.

“I don’t see any evidence for how an annual COVID shot will provide durable protection,” tweeted Dr. Eric Topol of Scripps Research.

Epidemiologist Katelyn Jetelina, on her blog, said “the stars would need to align” for the annual-shot plan to be effective. Influenza vaccines are annual because the virus is seasonal and because decades of experience make it feasible to predict the virus’ evolution. COVID has not yet achieved that status.

Pandemic-era migration law limits Central Americans’ entry

A Trump-era migration order has made U.S. entry harder for people from Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, writes Nina Lakhani at The Guardian.

The order, known as Title 42 and originally implemented by the CDC in March of 2020, authorized border officials to expel migrants to stop the spread of COVID-19 in border facilities and protect U.S. agents. The Biden administration has been trying to lift the order since spring of 2022, but been blocked by Republican-controlled states and federal courts.

Many migrants are deported to Mexico, but that nation only formally accepts people whose country of origin is Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras or El Salvador. People of other nationalities often get to stay because the U.S. is unwilling to pay for their flights back to their countries of origin, Lakhani reports.

Many migrants fly into Mexico from elsewhere before entering the U.S. Separating people by nationality has become routine at some entry points, but enforcement of Title 42 varies widely.

The effect has been to force Central Americans to enter through more isolated and dangerous territory in the hopes of evading detention and expulsion, Lakhani writes.

But officials don’t fully understand the migration patterns.

“The smuggling organizations control the flow,” said John Modlin, chief of Customs and Border Patrol in Tucson.

Study finds stress, depression linked to long COVID

Psychological factors such as anxiety and loneliness are among the best predictors that a person will experience long COVID, according to a new study in JAMA Psychiatry.

People who experienced worry and other psychological distress prior to COVID infection were up to 50% more likely to report symptoms more than four weeks after recovery, report the authors from Harvard’s School of Public Health.

The study emphasizes the importance of treating mental health concerns, senior author Andrea Roberts told STAT’s Brittany Trang. The authors were careful to note that the results do not mean long COVID symptoms are not real.

The study surveyed nearly 55,000 people, mainly current or former health care workers and mostly women, between April 2020 and November 2021. Nearly 3,200 tested positive for COVID over the study period, and of those just over 1,400 reported symptoms lasting four weeks or more.

Psychological stress had a stronger link to long COVID than physical factors such as asthma, obesity and high blood pressure.

It’s not clear how stress or anxiety might predispose someone to long COVID, or even if the psychological factors directly cause the increased risk. The study’s design can’t establish causation, only correlation.

It’s possible that stress reduction could help people recover from long COVID, but this hasn’t been proven, Roberts told told Aria Bendiz at NBC News.

People with the ongoing condition are more likely to start taking antidepressants than those whose COVID infection was short-lived, report Julie Steenhuysen and Jennifer Rigby at Reuters.

Epidemiologists are also investigating a link between long COVID and suicide risk, but the relationship remains unclear, the pair write.

From the Center for Health Journalism

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The nation’s top infectious disease specialist will join us for a conversation with national health reporter Dan Diamond of The Washington Post. We’ll talk about the evolving threat posed by monkeypox, the current state of the COVID pandemic, and broader lessons on how we respond to emerging diseases.

Oct. 4, 11–11:45 a.m. PT. Sign-up here!

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Learn more about the positions and apply.

What we’re reading

  • “As masks are shed, a routine visit to a medical office can pose COVID risks for some patients,” by Megan Molteni, STAT
  • “What scientists have learnt from COVID lockdowns,” by Dyani Lewis, Nature
  • “The strongest signal that Americans should worry about flu this winter,” by Katherine J. Wu, The Atlantic
  • “Booster coverage is lowest among Black and Hispanic Americans: CDC,” by Mary Kekatos, ABC News
  • “L.A. student journalists reported on an unvaccinated librarian. Now their advisor faces suspension,” by Christian Martinez, Los Angeles Times

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