UCSF/Latino Task Force BART Covid-19 testing site appears to be the most effective in San Francisco

The most powerful new weapon in the city’s war on Covid-19 is a mid-sized daily testing site at the 24th Street BART Plaza. 

For 15 days in January, UCSF researchers and the Latino Task Force tested some 600 people a day. Each day, the site found anywhere from 16 to 46 percent of all positive cases in the city, according to data from the Department of Public Health. That efficiency would be akin to a small crew of miners competing against an army of pitmen, and day after day extracting 16 to 46 percent of the gold. 

Moreover, because the 24th Street site uses rapid tests — testing that catches virus carriers with high viral loads within 15 minutes of being tested — it was able to get those who tested positive into quarantine on the same day. 

“The 24th Street testing is actually getting infected people off the street,” said Peter Khoury, a data scientist who has followed the Mission testing campaigns. “Not only did it find them at a higher rate, but it found them sooner” than conventional testing.

Khoury calculates that the 24th Street BART Plaza, which continues its testing this month, is 2.3 times more effective than the Embarcadero site, and 1.6 times more effective than all SFDPH sites.

Take Sunday, Jan. 17, when some 3,450 people were tested across the city. The BART site’s 713 tests represented 20 percent of the citywide total, but its 66 positive cases accounted for 45 percent of the city’s 145 positives.

On Tuesday, Jan. 19, when the city conducted a total of 8,515 tests, the BART site tested only 567 people, less than 7 percent of all tests. Nevertheless, it managed to find 70 cases, or 26 percent of the city’s 266 total positive cases. 

To Dr. Diane Havlir, the lead researcher on the project and chief of UCSF’s Division of HIV/AIDS, Infectious Disease, and Global Medicine, the 24th BART Plaza’s success speaks to two factors: convenience and location.  

In its favor, the site is open four days a week (now Sunday through Wednesday) and the hours are regular (9 a.m. to 2 p.m.). It is also readily accessible to residents of neighboring communities where, like the Mission, the prevalence of the virus is high.  

Or, as Havlir’s aide de camp, Diane Jones, a site leader, put it, “This is where the virus is living.” 

Moreover, thanks to rapid testing, the site has acquired a reputation for responding to a positive result with same-day assistance, and follow-up from the Latino Task Force’s wellness teams. And, if the positive person lives with three or more people, UCSF Researcher Carina Marquez will send a team to test everyone in the household. 

That approach is critical to the city’s strategy in controlling the virus. While the excitement is around vaccines — the UCSF/Latino Task Force collaborative has its vaccine site on 24th and Capp streets — researchers warn that it will take months before vaccines become ubiquitous enough to create immunity in the community. 

The announcement on Sunday that the city would pause vaccinations at Moscone Center, and wait until Friday to re-open the City College site, was another reminder of testing’s importance in keeping the virus under control.

“In the meantime, we need to minimize the harm of this virus with a public health response of ‘test and respond’ approach to interrupt transmission and support those who are infected,” wrote Havlir in an email.

While no test is perfect, the ability to detect the virus quickly and get someone quarantined the same day is “a powerful tool,” said Havlir, that “finds those with the highest viral levels, [and] allows immediate action to interrupt the chain of transmission.” 

Havlir wrote that she could see more use of rapid testing in the community as well as in densely populated settings such as shelters and schools.

Indeed, the city has been watching closely. A spokesperson for the health department wrote in an email that “We are working on rolling out Binax (the rapid tests) at our community clinics.”

And, the city’s own testing strategy has improved considerably since the fall, when it provided most of its testing resources in the least impacted neighborhoods. 

Testing during one week in January

To understand the health department’s evolving testing strategy, Mission Local looked at testing during the week of Jan. 11 to 17. We started with that week because we had data from the Department of Public Health popup sites for those dates, and the health department  filled out the picture by giving us aggregated data from its other sites: the Embarcadero, the Alemany Farmers market, and the so-called alternative sites, which are seven neighborhood clinics in the southeast that performed a total of 1,383 tests. (The health department did not break out how many tests were done at each of the clinics.)

During this period, the 24th Street BART site, which administered 16 percent of all the tests except those by private insurers, found 23 percent of the 1,344 positives found by DPH and UCSF/LTF. 

The stars of the city-run sites were clearly the so-called alternate sites or neighborhood clinics. The seven sites, all in impacted neighborhoods, represented only 7 percent of the DPH and UCSF/LTF tests, but found 16  percent of the positive cases. 

Clearly, the city’s clinics and the 24th Street BART station delivered more bang for the buck. 

But the city’s decision in mid-November to close SoMa after months of low positivity and move those tests to the Alemany Market has also meant the city is identifying more covid-positive residents. During the week of Jan. 11, Alemany accounted for 21 percent of all DPH tests, compared to 56 percent at Embarcadero, but it caught 27 percent of all DPH positives compared to 37 percent at Embarcadero, making it twice as effective. 

The tests done by UCSF/LTF at the BART Plaza and Alemany accounted for 17 percent of the tests, and 21 percent of the positives. The BART Plaza’s share was 16 percent of the tests, and 23 percent of the positives.

Moreover, like the BART Plaza, Alemany proved such a popular drop-in site that the city no longer takes online appointments. That success underscores what the UCSF/LTF site has long demonstrated: make testing low-barrier, regular, and close to impacted residents, and those populations will use it.

It’s unclear why the popups have consistently found fewer positives, even though they are located in impacted communities. Researchers said the results could simply reflect the sites attracting fewer vulnerable residents. And that, in turn, is a problem of outreach, and perhaps the infrequent nature of the testing operations. 

For the week that we analyzed data, the health department concentrated more than half its tests — 55 percent — at the Embarcadero, where the positivity rate was lowest. But when Mission Local began writing about testing disparities in September, the health department  had 70 percent of its testing resources at the Embarcadero.

A spokesperson for the city said that 700 of its 1,700 tests have been reallocated to the impacted communities, but other than Alemany it is unclear where those tests are going. 

There’s no doubt that the city has increased testing at its popups since it started this summer. But in the last several months, the tests have held steady. For example, the Bayview’s three popup sites, from Nov. 30 to Dec. 4, per health department slides, reported 480 tests; that number jumped to 575 the week of Jan. 11, and then fell back down to 474 the week of Jan. 17.

However, Alemany and the pop-ups have increased the testing rates in the southeastern neighborhoods.  Bayview Hunter’s Point, for example, has gone from testing 124 residents per 1,000 in September to 285 residents per 1,000 residents this month. Visitacion Valley has gone from testing 89 residents per 1,000 in September  to 255. 

But even at these rates, the neighborhoods remain far below the 700-plus per 1,000 in places like Mission Bay and Japantown. Most importantly, the positivity rates in Bayview and Visitacion Valley remain the highest in the city. The 16 percent positivity rate at the Department of Public Health alternate clinics reflect neighborhoods in crisis. 

When asked about the health department’s strategy, a spokesperson responded, “We continue to reallocate as needed. The City’s flexible and strategic testing strategy allows us to deploy resources to hard-hit communities to ensure equitable and effective testing that helps us slow the spread and save lives.”

UCSF researchers say it’s all a matter of acting on the data and putting resources where they are needed. Already, the Alemany site is paying off. More tests and rapid tests at the alternate sites could also keep more of those with the virus isolated.

The ultimate goal, as Havlir’s team has shown at BART, is to get virus carriers quarantined on the same day they receive test results. 

Dr. Kirstin Bibbins-Domingo, chair of epidemiology at UCSF and Vice Dean for Population Health and Health Equity, said  “This all comes down to resources and a willingness to accept the fact that you have to put resources where there is need.” 

It is not just that  “these communities are suffering disproportionately,” she added. “Any strategy to reopen the city depends on bringing the transmission down in the communities where infections are the highest, because we are all interrelated — all parts of town.”

Annika Hom contributed to this reporting.

This article was produced as a project for the USC Annenberg Center for Health Journalism’s 2020 Data Fellowship.

[This story was originally published by Mission Local.]

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